Tutorial Disabilities
Allgemein
General Disabilities Included amongst the general disabilities that can be classified are, amongst others, visual impairments, amputations, paraplegia, spasticity, short stature, acampsia of joints, neurological dysfunctions as well as intellectual impairments. Disabilities are however not to be confused with illnesses. An impairment that can be classified may also be a consequence of an illness (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis and the resulting movement impairments).
Amelie
It refers to an absence of limbs at birth, often as a result of a genetic defect but sometimes due to poisoning caused by, for instance, medicaments in pregnancy.
The absence of all four limbs is called Tetra-Amelia Syndrome.
Dysmelia
It refers to a malformation of limbs at birth, often as a result of a genetic defect but sometimes due to poisoning caused by, for instance, medicaments in pregnancy.
Hemiparesis
It refers to a complete or incomplete paralysis of the entire right or left side of the body. Spastic Hemiparesis is characterized by motor impairment and paralysis of the affected side of the body.
Hypoplasia
It refers to a genetically inherited underdevelopment of an organ, part of an
organ or tissue which results in functional deficiencies.
Caudal Regression Syndrome
It is a complex disorder of the lower trunk,
especially of the lower spine.
Macular Degeneration
It refers to a group of medical conditions of the retina. See also Morbus Stargardt or Cone Dystrophy.
Morbus Stargardt
It refers to a group of medical conditions of the retina, leading to a progressive impairment of vision. It is also known as Stargardt’s Macular Dystrophy.
Paraplegia
It refers to a combination of symptoms appearing in a disruption of the neural elements of the spinal canal. It leads to a partial or complete paralysis of the upper or lower extremities.
Paresis
It is synonymous with incomplete palsy. Generally, however, the term is used in the sense of “incomplete loss of strength”. In an incomplete palsy (Paresis), a certain amount of motor skills and/or sensibility remains. A Paraparesis is an incomplete palsy of the legs. Axillary Nerve Palsy refers to an inherent or acquired injury to the axillary plexus in the armpit that leads to a disorder and sensory loss of arm movement. Due to a cerebral or spinal cord damage. Tetraparesis, also known as Quadriplegia, refers to the loss of the use of all four limbs.
Paraplegia
Paraplegia can be complete, incomplete, traumatic (due to injury) or hereditary.
Spina Bifida
It is a birth defect of the vertebral column and spinal cord. It often leads to a palsy of the lower extremities.
Stargardt’s Macular Dystrophy
See also Morbus Stargardt.
Symbrachydactyly
It is malformation of the hand which occurs in different degrees and types. It ranges from a delicate shortening of fingers to a complete missing of the entire arm. In the so-called short finger type there are fingers but shortened. Is also referred to as oligodactyly.
Rotationplasty (Borggreve modification)
The affected part of the thigh and knee joint is amputated, often due to a tumor. The ankle joint is rotated 180 degrees and attached to the former knee joint, thus becoming a new knee joint.
Cone Dystrophy
See also Macular degeneration or Morbus Stargardt.